{"id":6615,"date":"2022-08-12T20:08:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T18:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/municipality\/"},"modified":"2022-08-12T20:27:27","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T18:27:27","slug":"municipality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/en\/municipality\/","title":{"rendered":"Municipality"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Municipality of Bo\u00f1ar<\/h1>\n

Our municipality, its history and its people<\/h2>\n

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Municipality<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Services” _builder_version=”4.10.8″ custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” animation_style=”fade” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”4.9.7″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” width=”85%” max_width=”90%” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”11px|15px|11px|15px|false|true” sticky_position=”top” sticky_position_tablet=”none” sticky_position_phone=”” sticky_position_last_edited=”on|desktop” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ use_custom_width=”on” custom_width_px=”1440px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ custom_padding=”|||” link_option_url=”#Municipality-data” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”municipality data” use_icon=”on” font_icon=”%%236%%” icon_color=”#ffffff” icon_placement=”left” 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Municipality Data<\/h2>\n

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Eastern Mountain:<\/span><\/h3>\n

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Alto Porma<\/span><\/p>\n

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LOCATION:<\/span><\/h3>\n

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Capital<\/strong><\/span>:<\/span> Bo\u00f1ar<\/span>
Latitude<\/span><\/span><\/strong>: 42\u00b0 51′ 57” N<\/abbr>
Longitude<\/span><\/strong>: 5\u00b0 19′ 18” O<\/abbr>
<\/span>Distances<\/strong>:<\/span>
46 km to Le\u00f3n<\/span>
165 km to Valladolid<\/span>
391 km to Madrid<\/span>
1467 km to Brussels<\/span><\/p>\n

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The village of Bo\u00f1ar, surrounded by mountains, is located in the north of the province of Le\u00f3n, 45 km from the capital of the province.
An important part of the municipality is integrated within the Monta\u00f1a de Ria\u00f1o y Mampodre Regional Park<\/strong>, where you can find various plant and animal species such as pine, holly, oak, poplar, wolf, eagle, deer, wild boar, and even bears.<\/p>\n

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Demographic statistics:<\/span><\/h3>\n

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The <\/span>surface<\/strong> <\/span>of the Municipality of Bo\u00f1ar is 180,6 Km2<\/sup>.
The <\/span>population<\/strong> <\/span>density is 1.28 <\/span>inhabitants.\/Km2.<\/sup><\/span>
<\/sup>It is located at an <\/span>altitude<\/strong> <\/span>of 975 m above sea level.<\/p>\n

It consists of Adrados, Barrio de las Ollas, Bo\u00f1ar, <\/span>Cerecedo, Colle, Felechas, Grandoso, Las Bodas, Llama de Colle, Orones, Oville, Remell\u00e1n, Rucayo, Valdecastillo, Valdehuesa, La Vega de Bo\u00f1ar, Veneros, Vozmediano, Voznuevo.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/evolucionpoblacion.png” alt=”Demographic evolution” title_text=”demographic-evolution” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/piramidepoblacion.png” alt=”Demographic pyramid ” title_text=”Demographic-pyramid” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/poblacionentidades.png” alt=”Population by entity” title_text=”Populationentity” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ text_font=”Open Sans||||||||” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” header_2_font=”Josefin Sans|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”48px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”Josefin Sans|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”rgba(43,51,68,0.2)” max_width=”700px” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_tablet=”1.4em” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Coat of arms and flag:<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”50%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Josefin Sans|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”22px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”|||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”rgba(43,51,68,0.2)” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” header_2_font_size_phone=”20px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”off|desktop” header_2_line_height_tablet=”1.4em” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Split and half-cut shield.<\/span>
1. a church tower.<\/span>
2. a tree.<\/span>
3. a fountain.<\/span>
To the bell royal crown closed.<\/span>
All apparently in their natural colours, the 1st and 3rd quarters in silver and the 2nd in gold.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ayuntamientobonar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/escudo-de-Bonar.png” alt=”Coat of arms of Bo\u00f1ar” title_text=”Coat-of-arms-of-Bonar” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”History-of-the-municipality” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ background_color=”#f7f7f7″ min_height=”432px” custom_margin=”2px|||||” custom_padding=”54px|0px|0px|0|false|false” bottom_divider_height=”200px” bottom_divider_repeat=”0.5x” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.4″ width=”100%” max_width=”62%” custom_padding=”30px|0px|0|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ text_font=”Open Sans||||||||” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” header_2_font=”Josefin Sans|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”48px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”Josefin Sans|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”rgba(43,51,68,0.2)” max_width=”700px” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_tablet=”1.4em” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

History of the Municipality<\/h2>\n

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Historical Introduction<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

BO\u00d1AR (BALNEARE or BALNEARIO and bathing place)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bo\u00f1ar is mentioned for the first time in the year 924 on the occasion of the donations made by Count Guisvado and his wife Do\u00f1a Leubina of several of their possessions within half a league around, for the foundation of San Adri\u00e1n. On this occasion, it is said that a council was held in Bo\u00f1ar. In 959, Vindemio signed a public document as abbot in Bo\u00f1ar. In the year 960 it is known that this monastery is dedicated to Saint Salvador and that it was built by the presbyter Saluto Melik.<\/p>\n

However, it is the territory of Bo\u00f1ar, and in Iberian and Celtic times many of its waters must have been used for bathing, as indicated by the name of the river PORMA, which means “hot and gushing water”, the Caldas de San Adri\u00e1n and the “fuente de la Calda o salud” in the village of Bo\u00f1ar itself, which bears the following inscription:<\/p>\n

FONTI SAGIFIGENO<\/strong>
E.CCC.LV.IIS<\/strong>
ALEXIS AQVILEGUS<\/strong>
V.S.L.M.<\/strong><\/p>\n

It states that this fountain of health was built in Roman times by Alexius Aquilegus in fulfilment of a vow.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Centuries of history<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the Middle Ages there was a county in Bo\u00f1ar with a castle or fortress, from which the whole territory of Balneario was governed. The current term “Los Castillones” refers to them.<\/p>\n

In the 10th century, Pope John VII asked King Alfonso III, who was fighting the Arabs, to put Count Guisvado at the head of his troops in this area, to whom he gave the relics of Saint Adrian and Saint Natalia as a reward.<\/p>\n

In this same century, the monastery of Sahag\u00fan had many properties here, such as a mountain in Cerecedo, the Monastery of San Salvador and several villages or hamlets, including Las Bodas, Veneros, Orvilla and Tranto Breto.<\/p>\n

Bishop Fruniminio also sponsored the construction of several monasteries on the mountain of Pardomino, where he came to live at the time of his retirement, and where he fought with Bo\u00f1ar and other villages to defend his rights.<\/p>\n

In the Middle Ages, the territory of Bo\u00f1ar also had numerous possessions belonging to the Flainez family, Counts of Aquilare (Sabero).<\/p>\n

n the 11th century, the royal family of Le\u00f3n also had possessions in Bo\u00f1ar. Do\u00f1a Urraca died without succession and they were inherited by her brother King Alfonso VI, who gave them to the Le\u00f3n Cathedral.<\/p>\n

In 1164, Count Ramiro Froilaz is “Teniente de Bo\u00f1ar y Pe\u00f1amian”.<\/p>\n

In 1325, Alfonso XI donated the lands to Bo\u00f1ar, exempting Bishop Manrique from giving the lands when he lived in Le\u00f3n, allowing the possessions of the church of Le\u00f3n to be extended to Bo\u00f1ar and Lillo, which was confirmed by King Alfonso X in 1329.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bo\u00f1ar royal estate<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the 12th century, Bo\u00f1ar was already a royal estate.<\/p>\n

On 2 April 1206, King Alfonso IX donated the territory of Bo\u00f1ar to the monastery of Valdedi\u00f3s.<\/p>\n

In 1334, Fernando II also donated the portage of the bridge of Bo\u00f1ar and the hospital to Valdedios.<\/p>\n

In 1361, Valdedi\u00f3s is said to have farms in Bo\u00f1ar.<\/p>\n

In the time of Carlos V (15th and 16th centuries), the counties of Colle and Bo\u00f1ar are known to be in the hands of the Guzmanes of Le\u00f3n. On 11 May 1521, the Emperor confiscated the assets of Bo\u00f1ar, Colle, Valdore and Vegas del Condado for 8000 gold florins and 26668 mrs. and the houses of Bo\u00f1ar, Colle, Solle and Redipollos are sold to pay the imperial fine.<\/p>\n

The inhabitants of these villages are in solidarity with the communards and especially with their leader in Le\u00f3n Ramiro N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Guzm\u00e1n; they are therefore called “gente homiciana”,<\/p>\n

As a consequence of this, the Guzmans ceded their rights over Bo\u00f1ar, Colle, and Aguilar to the Osorios, or Marquises of Astorga, or palace in Bo\u00f1ar, where their coats of arms still stand and where they are still imprisoned and named them merinos mayores de las monta\u00f1as de Le\u00f3n (senior merinos of the mountains of Le\u00f3n). A writing of the time says that the Marquises of Astorga Count of Altamira are the most powerful people in these lands after the Pope and the King of Spain.<\/p>\n

The Marquis of Astorga is patron of the parish church of Bo\u00f1ar, contributing to its reconstruction and leaving as a gift the clock tower to which the village gave the name of El Maragato. Its tower dates from the 17th century. The front part of the church was built in 1815 and the back part in 1895. It is a fine work in the Renaissance style.<\/p>\n

In 1652, Bo\u00f1ar suffered a tremendous disaster due to a flood that swept away many houses, which were later rebuilt on the site where the town stands today, far from the river. Such vicissitudes were repeated twice at the end of the century, with the carts floating in the Plaza del Negrill\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

At the time of the conquest of America, Bo\u00f1ar placed some of its characters there, one of them with the title of Intendant General, as can still be seen today in some of the millenary coats of arms of the Villa. The land registry of the Marquis de la Ensenada of 1752 gives the town of Bo\u00f1ar as having 360 inhabitants.<\/p>\n

In the War of Independence, General D\u00edaz Porlier, the “little marquis”, who formed a mixed division to conquer the city of Le\u00f3n, was active here.<\/p>\n

General Casta\u00f1on, a native of Vegami\u00e1n, was also involved here.<\/p>\n

In the carlistada, the former mayor of Le\u00f3n, Se\u00f1or Balanz\u00e1tegui, gathered here 200 shotgunners with whom he tried to give battle to General Espartero and his troops, but the liberals led by \u00c1lvarez Acevedo forced him to flee and he was killed near Guardo.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The growth of the council<\/h4>\n

In 1836, the council of Bo\u00f1ar was extended to include nine places (Bo\u00f1ar, Oville, Barrio de las Ollas, Adrados, Cerecedo, Palazuelo, Vegaquemada, Candanedo and Llamera), forming the new city council of Bo\u00f1ar.<\/p>\n

In 1894, the coal railway arrived from La Robla to Bo\u00f1ar, starting the growth and conversion of the town into a service town and commercial centre of the region.<\/p>\n

The town hall was built in 1898.<\/p>\n

The construction of the road from Bo\u00f1ar to Puerto de San Isidro was also soon undertaken.<\/p>\n

Monday markets were established, the fairs of 2 and 3 February or Candlemas, 10 and 20 March or San Jos\u00e9, 29 and 30 June or San Pedro, those of July, 12 October those of Pilar and 28 and 29 November those of San Gregorio. For a long time, the region’s Pardo-Alpine breed of cattle excelled in them.<\/p>\n

ts traditional industry was the “piedra de Bo\u00f1ar” from which the cathedral, San Isidoro and many other stone and ashlar buildings were built. It became famous for its delicious sweets, “los nicanores”, created by the famous confectioner Nicanor Rodr\u00edguez.<\/p>\n

A large volume industry has been the talcum powder factory that markets this product nationally. The Negrillon, which seems to date back to the 16th century, was for a long time the symbol of the town, having dried up a few years ago, although it has been petrified to preserve it.<\/p>\n

The parish church is named after St. Peter the Apostle and has a parish priest and curate. Notable are the Semana Santa pasos, which were partly destroyed by fire a few years ago.<\/p>\n

On the outskirts is the hermitage of San Roque, an ashlar and masonry building where the brotherhood responsible for contributing to the splendour of the patron saint’s festivities held on 16th August has its headquarters.<\/p>\n

In terms of folklore, the so-called “jota de Bo\u00f1ar”, “los aluches” or “lucha leonesa” and “bolos” should be highlighted.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The present day Bo\u00f1ar<\/h4>\n

Today Bo\u00f1ar is a very important tourist centre, suitable for summer holidays, swimming, camping, hiking, mountaineering, etc… with the magnificent complex “El Soto de Bo\u00f1ar”.<\/p>\n

Of all these beauties in Bo\u00f1ar, however, the most celebrated are the Maragato and the Negrill\u00f3n, as the folk song sings:<\/p>\n

“Two things has Bo\u00f1ar<\/strong>
which Le\u00f3n does not have;<\/strong>
the Maragato in the tower<\/strong>
and in the Plaza el Negrill\u00f3n”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bo\u00f1ar is also an obligatory stop for snow sports at the Puerto de San Isidro ski resort.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”The-weather” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ min_height=”432px” custom_margin=”9px|||||” custom_padding=”54px|0px|0px|0|false|false” bottom_divider_height=”200px” bottom_divider_repeat=”0.5x” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.4″ width=”100%” max_width=”62%” custom_padding=”30px|0px|0|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.10.7″ text_font=”Open Sans||||||||” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” header_2_font=”Josefin Sans|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”48px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”Josefin Sans|700||on|||||” header_3_text_color=”rgba(43,51,68,0.2)” max_width=”700px” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_tablet=”1.4em” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The weather<\/h2>\n

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Spanish Meteorological Agency:<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code _builder_version=”4.10.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”10px||10px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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